Feeder line: aircraft (not FO)

14 payloads on 7 missions in the records so far had a flight of this kind before the Moon.

Peregrine Mission One

Astrobotic (now Voyager Lunar Systems) · Peregrine · failed to land

• Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL)
• M-42 radiation detector
• Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) sensor: Astrobotic's Optical Precision Autonomous Landing (OPAL) sensor

IM-1

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C Odysseus · landed

• Navigation Doppler Lidar for Precise Velocity and Range Sensing (NDL)
• Lunar Node 1 Navigation Demonstrator (LN-1)
• EagleCam

Blue Ghost Mission 1

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost · landed

• Lunar PlanetVac (LPV)
• Electrodynamic Dust Shield (EDS)

IM-2

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C Athena · landed

• AstroAnt
• MIT high-resolution camera on MAPP
• Automated Radiation Measurement for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS)

Griffin Mission One

Astrobotic (Voyager Lunar Systems since July 2026) · Griffin · manifested

• Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL), Psionic-built copy of the engineering test unit

Blue Ghost Mission 3

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost · manifested

• Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer (Lunar-VISE)

IM-5

Intuitive Machines · Nova-D · manifested

• Multifunctional Nanosensor Platform (MNP)