Feeder line: Earth orbit or deep space

39 payloads on 17 missions in the records so far had a flight of this kind before the Moon.

Peregrine Mission One

Astrobotic (now Voyager Lunar Systems) · Peregrine · failed to land

• Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS)
• Peregrine Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer (PITMS)
• M-42 radiation detector

IM-1

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C Odysseus · landed

• Navigation Doppler Lidar for Precise Velocity and Range Sensing (NDL)
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)

Blue Ghost Mission 1

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost · landed

• Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE)
• Radiation Tolerant Computer System (RadPC)

IM-2

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C Athena · landed

• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• Lunar Radiometer (LRAD)
• MiniPIX TPX3 SPACE radiation monitor

Griffin Mission One

Astrobotic (Voyager Lunar Systems since July 2026) · Griffin · manifested

• Moon Exploration for Titanium with Active Lighting (METAL)
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA), on the lander
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA), on the FLIP rover
• Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL), Psionic-built copy of the engineering test unit

IM-3

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C Trinity · manifested

• Lunar Space Environment Monitor (LUSEM), KASI

Blue Ghost Mission 2

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost with the Elytra orbiter · manifested

• Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment-Night (LuSEE-Night)

Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 1

Blue Origin · Blue Moon Mark 1 (MK1) Endurance · manifested

• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)

IM-4

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C · manifested

• Lunar Explorer Instrument for space biology Applications (LEIA)
• PROSPECT (Package for Resource Observation and in-Situ Prospecting for Exploration, Commercial exploitation and Transportation), ESA
• Lunar Compact Infrared Imaging System (L-CIRiS)
• Surface and Exosphere Alterations by Landers (SEAL)
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)

Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 2

Blue Origin · Blue Moon Mark 1 (second lander) · manifested

• Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER)

Blue Ghost Mission 3

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost · manifested

• Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer (Lunar-VISE)
• Heimdall

Blue Ghost Mission 4

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost with the Elytra orbiter · manifested

• MoonRanger
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• CSA rover (Canadian Space Agency Lunar Rover Mission, LRM), with NASA's LAFORGE thermal imaging radiometer

IM-5

Intuitive Machines · Nova-D · manifested

• Near-Infrared Volatiles Spectrometer System (NIRVSS)
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• Lunar Vehicle Radiation Dosimeter system (LVRaD), KASI

Peregrine Mission Two

Astrobotic (Voyager Lunar Systems) · Peregrine · manifested

• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS)

Peregrine Mission Three

Astrobotic (Voyager Lunar Systems) · Peregrine · manifested

• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS)

IM-6

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C · manifested

• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS)

Blue Ghost Mission 5

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost · manifested

• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer (LETS)