Feeder line: FO

12 payloads on 5 missions in the records so far had a flight of this kind before the Moon.

Peregrine Mission One

Astrobotic (now Voyager Lunar Systems) · Peregrine · failed to land

• Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL)
• Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) sensor: Astrobotic's Optical Precision Autonomous Landing (OPAL) sensor

IM-1

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C Odysseus · landed

• Navigation Doppler Lidar for Precise Velocity and Range Sensing (NDL)
• Radio Frequency Mass Gauge (RFMG)

Blue Ghost Mission 1

Firefly Aerospace · Blue Ghost · landed

• Lunar PlanetVac (LPV)
• Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder (LMS)
• Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE)
• Radiation Tolerant Computer System (RadPC)

IM-2

Intuitive Machines · Nova-C Athena · landed

• AstroAnt
• Automated Radiation Measurement for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS)

Griffin Mission One

Astrobotic (Voyager Lunar Systems since July 2026) · Griffin · manifested

• Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL), Psionic-built copy of the engineering test unit
• Hazard Detection (HD) Lidar